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Decks & Fences

Stair Calculator

Lay out a safe, even staircase. Enter your total rise (floor to floor) and target riser height to get the number of risers and treads, the exact riser height, the total run, and the stringer length to cut.

Reviewed by The CostToUpgrade Estimating Desk Last reviewed How we estimate

Your project

Stairs

Vertical distance from the lower floor to the upper floor.

Most codes cap risers at about 7¾". Comfortable stairs are 7–7½".

Minimum tread depth is typically 10". 11" is common.

Estimate

5risers

Number of risers (steps)

Actual riser height
7.2in
Number of treads
4treads
Total run
44in
Stringer length
56.9in

Estimates are guidance only and exclude tax, labor, and site conditions unless stated. Confirm with a local pro.

How it's calculated

No black boxes — here is the exact math behind your estimate, so you can check it or adapt it for your own quote.

  1. 1Number of risers = round( total rise ÷ target riser height )
  2. 2Actual riser height = total rise ÷ number of risers
  3. 3Number of treads = number of risers − 1
  4. 4Total run = number of treads × tread depth
  5. 5Stringer length = √( total rise² + total run² )

Worked example

A 36-inch total rise with a 7.5" target riser and 11" treads.

Inputs

Total rise
36 in
Target riser height
7.5 in
Tread depth
11 in

Result

Number of risers (steps)
5 risers
Actual riser height
7.2 in
Number of treads
4 treads
Total run
44 in
Stringer length
56.9 in

Tools & materials for this project

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  • Stair stringer brackets Attach treads to stringers without notching.
  • Framing square Lay out rise and run accurately.
  • Stair gauges Clamp to the square for repeatable step layout.
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Frequently asked questions

How many stairs do I need for a given height?
Divide your total rise by a comfortable riser height (around 7.5 inches) and round to the nearest whole number. A 36-inch rise gives 5 risers at 7.2 inches each. Every riser in a flight must be the same height for safety and code.
What is the difference between risers and treads?
A riser is the vertical face of each step; a tread is the horizontal surface you step on. A staircase always has one more riser than treads, because the top tread is the floor you are stepping onto.
What is code for stair rise and run?
Under the common International Residential Code, the maximum riser height is 7¾ inches and the minimum tread depth is 10 inches, with no more than 3/8 inch variation between steps. Always confirm with your local building department, since requirements vary.